Fluid flow pressure regulator

ABSTRACT

A fuel vapor pressure regulator by which the input pressure of an input fluid is regulated by the opening and closing of a valve unit controlled by a piston pressure sensor, the operation of which is, in turn, controlled by a movement of a preset bias, the output pressure of the fluid delivered by the regulator, and a biasing pressure that reflects the operating demands of the utilization unit to which the fluid is delivered.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates, in general, to the regulation of the pressure of a fluid flow and, in particular, to a fluid flow pressure regulator for use in regulating the pressure of liquid petroleum gas delivered for the fueling of a vehicle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] There are a wide variety of units, known to those skilled in art, for metering fluids in amounts needed to meet the operational requirements of the equipment to which the fluids are delivered. Currently, the regulators of liquid petroleum gas fueled vehicles typically include an integral vaporizer to generate saturated vapor that is burned as fuel in the engine of the vehicle. Other regulators, differently arranged, are used in vapor fed systems in conjunction with a discrete vaporizer to provide the liquid petroleum gas to the regulator and, in turn, to the engine to burn as fuel. These regulators have a fixed output pressure.

[0003] Many of the liquid petroleum gas regulators known to those skilled in the art fall short of operating with the desired efficiency. This is so because the regulators function without control of the changing operational requirements of the engine to which the liquid petroleum gas vapor is supplied.

[0004] In contrast, U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,240 to Berriman is an example of a fluid regulator that operates in response to the operational demands of remote fluid utilization equipment. The range of control of the regulator disclosed in this patent, however, is somewhat limited by the use of a thin metal flexible diaphragm that responds to pressures changes in the output fluid flow and the level of the vacuum from the manifold to regulate the output pressure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] A fluid flow pressure regulator, constructed in accordance with the present invention, includes a housing having an inlet port through which a fuel is introduced at an input pressure, an outlet port through which the fuel is discharged at an output pressure, and a bias port through which a biasing pressure is introduced. Also included in this fluid flow pressure regulator is a valve unit in the housing between the inlet port and the outlet port for regulating the pressure of fuel flow from the inlet port to the outlet port. A fluid flow pressure regulator, constructed in accordance with the present invention, further includes a piston in the housing coupled to the valve unit and responsive to the output pressure at the outlet port for urging the valve unit toward closing and the biasing pressure introduced through the bias port for one of urging the valve toward closing and urging the valve to open. A spring acting on the piston against the outlet pressure to urge the valve unit to close also is included in this fluid flow pressure regulator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a fluid flow pressure regulator constructed in accordance with the present invention.

[0007]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a piston pressure sensor of a fluid flow pressure regulator constructed in accordance with the present invention.

[0008]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a piston pressure sensor of a fluid flow pressure regulator constructed in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Referring to FIG. 1, a fluid flow pressure regulator, constructed in accordance with the present invention, includes a housing 10 having an inlet port 12 through which a fluid is introduced at a supply pressure and an outlet port 14 through which the fluid is discharged at an output pressure. Fluid is supplied from a fluid supply 15, such as a fuel storage system and vaporizer, at an input pressure and fluid is discharged to a fluid utilization 16, such as an engine, at an output pressure.

[0010] Housing 10 also has a bias port 17 through which a biasing pressure is introduced, a cavity 18 in fluid communication with the bias port, and an aspirator passage 20 extending between the outlet port and the cavity through which the output pressure is conducted from the outlet port to the cavity. As illustrated, housing 10 is in two parts 10 a and 10 b that are held together by suitable means not shown.

[0011] The source of biasing pressure can be, for example, an engine manifold and the biasing pressure can be either a partial vacuum or greater than atmospheric pressure, depending on the operational demand of the fluid utilization (e.g., an engine) to which the fluid is delivered. The effect of the biasing pressure is explained below.

[0012] A fluid flow pressure regulator, constructed in accordance with the present invention, also includes a valve assembly within housing 10 for regulating the pressure of fluid flow from inlet port 12 to outlet port 14. This valve assembly includes a valve unit composed of a nozzle 22 between inlet port 12 and outlet port 14 through which fluid flows from the inlet port to the outlet port and a valve 24 movable toward the nozzle and away from the nozzle. In the FIG. 1 embodiment of the present invention, valve 24 is a conical poppet valve.

[0013] Also included in the valve assembly are means for urging valve 24 toward nozzle 22. For the embodiment of the invention being described, such means include a compression spring 26 having a first end bearing against valve 24 and a second end bearing against a plug 28 threaded into housing 10.

[0014] The valve assembly of FIG. 1 further includes a pressure set point assembly in cavity 18. This pressure set point assembly includes a piston pressure sensor 30 and means acting on the piston pressure sensor for urging valve 24 away from nozzle 22. Piston pressure sensor 30 controls the position of valve 24 relative to nozzle 22 by means of a coupling 32 extending between the piston pressure sensor and the valve and, for the embodiment of the invention being described, a compression spring 34 acts on the piston pressure sensor for urging the valve away from the nozzle. A first end of compression spring 34 bears against a first face 30 a of piston pressure sensor 30 and a second end of this compression spring bears against a calibration adjustment screw 35 which is threaded into part 10 a of housing 10 and sealed with a plug 36. Face 30 a of piston pressure sensor 30 includes the surface against which spring 34 bears and the edges of the piston pressure sensor at the opening into which spring 34 extends. In effect, piston pressure sensor 30 divides cavity 18 into a first part 18 a and a second part 18 b. The spring force of spring 34 is high relative to the spring force of spring 26, so that valve 24, at the outset and in the absence of any other influences, is spaced from nozzle 22.

[0015] The valve assembly, and, in particular, piston pressure sensor 30, is responsive to the biasing pressure introduced through bias port 17 into part 18 a of cavity 18 and received at face 30 a of the piston pressure sensor to urge valve 24 away from nozzle 22. Piston pressure sensor 30 also is responsive to the output pressure conducted from outlet port 14 through aspirator passage 20 into part 18 b of cavity 18 and received at a second face 30 b of piston pressure sensor for urging valve 24 toward nozzle 22. The net effect of the output pressure, the biasing pressure, and spring 34 on piston pressure sensor 30 is either to urge valve 24 toward nozzle 22 or to urge the valve away from the nozzle.

[0016] In operation, when, for example, an ignition switch is turned on, fluid passes from inlet port 12 to outlet port 14 because spring 34, acting on piston pressure sensor 30, causes valve 24 to be spaced from nozzle 22 by the effect of the spring 34 on the piston pressure sensor which is transmitted through coupling 32 to the valve. The pressure of the output fluid at outlet port 14 is conducted through aspiration tube 20 to face 30 b of piston pressure sensor 30. This output pressure acts on piston pressure sensor 30 against the action of spring 34 and moves valve 24 toward nozzle 22. This causes a reduction in the output pressure at outlet port 14. The reduction in output pressure at outlet port 14 reduces the opposition to spring 34 and permits piston pressure sensor to move valve 24 away from nozzle 22. This operation continues until a balance or equilibrium condition is achieved allowing valve 24 to throttle the flow of fluid based on pressure.

[0017] Also contributing to the balance of forces on piston pressure sensor 34 is the biasing pressure introduced at bias port 17. When the biasing pressure is a partial vacuum, the biasing pressure opposes the action of spring 34 and causes valve 24 to move toward nozzle 22. When the biasing pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure (e.g., when the fluid utilization is a supercharged engine or a turbocharged engine), the biasing pressure supports the action of spring 34 and causes valve 24 to move away from nozzle 22.

[0018] Under steady state conditions, an increased biasing pressure, whether a partial vacuum or greater than atmospheric, acts to effect movement of piston pressure sensor 30 to maximize the spacing between valve 24 and nozzle 22 with an increase in fluid flow and increased output pressure at outlet port 14. A decreased biasing pressure, whether a partial vacuum or atmospheric, acts to effect movement of piston pressure sensor 30 to minimize the spacing between valve 24 and nozzle 22 with a decrease in fluid flow and decreased output pressure at outlet port 14.

[0019] For the FIG. 1 embodiment of the present invention, with the outside diameter of piston pressure sensor 30 the same throughout its length, the biasing pressure ratio is proportional, namely 1:1. This is because the area of face 30 b of piston pressure sensor 30 over which the output pressure is applied is the same as the area over which the biasing pressure is applied, namely face 30 a of the piston pressure sensor that includes the surface against which spring 34 bears and the edges of the piston pressure sensor at the opening into which spring 34 extends.

[0020] In the FIG. 2 embodiment of the piston pressure sensor, the outside diameter of piston pressure sensor 30′ is stepped, so that the area of face 30 b′ of piston pressure sensor over which the output pressure is applied is less than the area over which the biasing pressure is applied, namely face 30 a′ of the piston pressure sensor that includes the surface against which spring 34 bears and the edges of the piston pressure sensor at the opening into which spring 34 extends. In the FIG. 2 embodiment of the piston pressure sensor, the biasing pressure ratio is boosted and is greater than 1:1. In the FIG. 3 embodiment of the piston pressure sensor, the outside diameter of piston pressure sensor 30 b″ is stepped, so that the area of face 30 b″ of piston pressure sensor over which the output pressure is applied is greater than the area over which the biasing pressure is applied, namely face 30 a″ of the piston pressure sensor that includes the surface against which spring 34 bears and the edges of the piston pressure sensor at the opening into which spring 34 extends. In the FIG. 3 embodiment of the piston pressure sensor, the biasing pressure ratio is reduced and is less than 1:1. The unique requirements of different engine fuel management systems determine the design of the piston pressure sensor. In all other respects, a fluid flow pressure regulator having the piston pressure sensor 30′ of FIG. 2 or the piston pressure sensor 30″ of FIG. 3 is the same as the fluid flow pressure regulator of FIG. 1.

[0021] To avoid input pressure fluctuations affecting the output pressure, a fluid flow pressure regulator, constructed in accordance with the present invention, preferably includes a balanced valve having a piston cylinder 38, a balance piston 40 movable within piston cylinder 38 and coupled to piston pressure sensor 30 valve 24. The balanced valve also has a seal 42 between balance piston 40 and piston cylinder 38. A pressure equalization passage 44 extends through valve 24 and balance piston 40 from the second part 18 b of cavity 18. This balanced valve, of conventional construction and operation, counterbalances both the forces acting to move valve 24 toward nozzle 22 due to the input pressure and the forces acting to move valve 24 away from nozzle 22 due to the output pressure.

[0022] When used in the delivery of liquid petroleum gas to an engine, the fluid pressure regulator of the present invention, by operating in response to the operating conditions of the engine, delivers the fuel at a pressure that is most suitable for low emission fuel control system designs. Another important benefit of the present invention is that this pressure regulator can withstand the temperature and vibration requirements of an engine mounted in an automobile.

[0023] Although the invention is illustrated and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims and without departing from the invention. 

What is claimed:
 1. A fuel vapor pressure regulator comprising: a housing having: (a) an inlet port through which a fuel is introduced at an input pressure, (b) an outlet port through which the fuel is discharged at an output pressure, (c) a bias port through which a biasing pressure is introduced; a valve unit in said housing between said inlet port and said outlet port for regulating the pressure of fuel flow from said inlet port to said outlet port; a piston in said housing coupled to said valve unit and responsive to: (a) the output pressure at the outlet port for urging said valve unit toward closing, and (b) the biasing pressure introduced through said bias port for one of: (1) urging said valve toward closing, and (2) urging said valve to open; and a spring acting on said piston against the outlet pressure to urge said valve unit to close.
 2. A fuel vapor pressure regulator according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the biasing pressure introduced at said bias port is a partial vacuum, and (b) said piston has: (1) a first face that receives the output pressure at said outlet port for urging said valve unit toward closing, and (2) a second face that receives the partial vacuum for urging said valve unit toward closing.
 3. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 2 wherein the area of said first face of said piston and the area of said second face of said piston are the same.
 4. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 2 wherein the area of said first face of said piston is greater than the area of said second face of said piston.
 5. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 2 wherein the area of said first face of said piston is less than the area of said second face of said piston.
 6. A fuel vapor pressure regulator according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the biasing pressure introduced at said bias port is greater than atmospheric pressure, and (b) said piston has: (1) a first face that receives the output pressure at said outlet port for urging said valve unit toward closing, and (2) a second face that receives the biasing pressure introduced at said bias port for urging said valve to open.
 7. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 6 wherein the area of said first face of said piston and the area of said second face of said piston are the same.
 8. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 6 wherein the area of said first face of said piston is greater than the area of said second face of said piston.
 9. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 6 wherein the area of said first face of said piston is greater than the area of said second face of said piston.
 10. A fluid flow pressure regulator comprising: a housing having: (a) an inlet port through which a fluid is introduced at a supply pressure, (b) an outlet port through which the fluid is discharged at an output pressure, (c) a bias port through which a biasing pressure is introduced, (d) a cavity in fluid communication with said bias port, and (e) an aspirator passage extending between said outlet port and said cavity through which the output pressure is conducted from said outlet port to said cavity; and a valve assembly within said housing for regulating the pressure of fluid flow from said inlet port to said outlet port and having: (a) a nozzle between said inlet port and said outlet port through which fluid flows from said inlet port to said outlet port, (b) a valve movable toward said nozzle and away from said nozzle, (c) means for urging said valve toward said nozzle, (d) a pressure set point assembly in said cavity and having: (1) a piston pressure sensor, and (2) means acting on said piston pressure sensor for urging said valve away from said nozzle, and (e) a coupling extending between said piston pressure sensor and said valve, and responsive to: (a) the output pressure conducted from said outlet port through said aspirator passage to said piston pressure sensor for urging said valve toward said nozzle, and (b) the biasing pressure introduced through said bias port to said piston pressure sensor for one of: (1) urging said valve toward said nozzle, and (2) urging said valve away from said nozzle.
 11. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 10 wherein: (a) said means for urging said valve toward said nozzle include a first spring having an end bearing against said valve, (b) said means for urging said valve away from said nozzle include a second spring, and (c) said piston pressure sensor has: (1) a first face: (i) against which an end of said second spring bears urging said valve away from said nozzle, and (ii) that receives biasing pressure from said bias port for one of: urging said valve toward said nozzle, and urging said valve away from said nozzle, and (2) a second face that receives output fluid pressure conducted from said outlet port through said aspirator passage for urging said valve toward said nozzle.
 12. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 11 wherein said piston pressure sensor divides said cavity into a first part that receives output fluid pressure conducted from said outlet port through said aspirator passage and a second part that receives biasing pressure from said bias port.
 13. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 12 wherein said valve assembly further includes a balanced valve having: (a) a piston cylinder, (b) a balance piston movable within said piston cylinder and coupled to said piston of said pressure set point assembly through said valve, (c) a seal between said balance piston and said piston cylinder, and (d) a pressure equalization passage extending through said valve and said balance piston from said first part of said cavity.
 14. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 10 wherein the biasing pressure is a partial vacuum.
 15. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 10 wherein the biasing pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
 16. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 11 wherein the area of said first face of said piston pressure sensor and the area of said second face of said piston pressure sensor are the same.
 17. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 11 wherein the area of said first face of said piston pressure sensor is greater than the area of said second face of said piston pressure sensor.
 18. A fluid flow pressure regulator according to claim 11 wherein the area of said first face of said piston pressure sensor is less than the area of said second face of said piston pressure sensor.
 19. A fluid delivery system comprising: supply means for supplying a fluid at a supply pressure; utilization means for utilizing the fluid delivered at an output pressure; and a fluid flow pressure regulator disposed between said supply means and said utilization means and including: (a) a housing having: (1) an inlet port through which a fluid is introduced at a supply pressure, (2) an outlet port through which the fluid is discharged at an output pressure, (3) a bias port through which a biasing pressure is introduced, (4) a cavity in fluid communication with said bias port, and (5) an aspirator passage extending between said outlet port and said cavity through which the output pressure is conducted from said outlet port to said cavity; and (b) a valve assembly within said housing for regulating the pressure of fluid flow from said inlet port to said outlet port and having: (1) a nozzle between said inlet port and said outlet port through which fluid flows from said inlet port to said outlet port, (2) a valve movable toward said nozzle and away from said nozzle, (3) means for urging said valve toward said nozzle, (4) a pressure set point assembly in said cavity and having: (i) a piston pressure sensor, and (ii) means acting on said piston pressure sensor for urging said valve away from said nozzle, and (5) a coupling extending between said piston pressure sensor and said valve, and responsive to: (1) the output pressure conducted from said outlet port through said aspirator passage to said piston pressure sensor for urging said valve toward said nozzle, and (2) the biasing pressure introduced through said bias port to said piston pressure sensor for one of: (i) urging said valve toward said nozzle, and (ii) urging said valve away from said nozzle.
 20. A fluid delivery system according to claim 19 further including one of a vacuum source and a pressure source for providing the biasing pressure. 